Cross Fostering Of Yellow Tufted Honeyeaters
Level of infidelity occurred amongst the Helmeted Honeyeaters; in. Of Yellow-tufted Honeyeaters and they will become part of the captive-breeding colony in. Existing strategy of cross-fostering eggs from captive Helmeted Honeyeaters. May 4, 2019 - Flat Rock Dam (West Nowra), Shoalhaven, New South Wales. 79, Yellow-tufted Honeyeater, 2, 26 Jun 2019, David Rower. Flat Rock Dam.
Provera Provera 10mg, 5mg, 2.5mgBy P. Pine Manor College. Tunein radio pro 21.7 apk. 2019.A research program for the standardization buy provera 2.5 mg lowest price, pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of traditional drugs and herbal medicines was started in 1984 and Myanmar Traditional Medicine National Formulary has been compiled for 57 numbers of traditional medicine formulations provera 5 mg discount, in each monograph including formulary order 10mg provera mastercard, therapeutic uses, caution and dosage in Myanmar language. The Ministry of Health plays a pivotal role in the promotion and maintenance of health of the Myanmar people for ensuring their health and longevity. The ministry also encouraged research on traditional medicinal plants with the objectives of obtaining evidence-based traditional medicine drugs and exploring new traditional medicinal plants. Scientists from the Ministries of Health, Science and Technology and Education gather together to conduct research on traditional medicine and traditional plants during the past decades.
An attempt has been made to consolidate all available data on traditional medicine research carried out at the Department of Medicine Research (Lower Myanmar) during the past five decades. In such cases, modifications have to be made and new subject headings have been added ie, species of plants as well as their local names. This bibliography will be of great assistance as a handy reference to traditional medicine practitioners and various researchers in the field of Myanmar Traditional Medicine. The action of Desmodium triquetrum (Lauk-thay-ywet) on the development of st Musca domestica. In Burma, Desmodium triquetrum (Lauk-thay-ywet) leaves are used to cover ngapi in the belief that this practice renders the ngapi free of fly larvae.
Assuming that the larvae found in ngapi were those of Musca domestica, studies were initially made on the effect of Desmodium triquetrum leaves and extract on (1) eggs of M. Extracts tested had no action on the larve, but the leaf had a lethal effect on the majority of larvae within 24hours. The initial effects produced were a localisation of the larvae to part of the leaf, usually on the under surface, followed by an exudation of fluid. The mechanism by which the leaf produces the changes in the larvae has yet to be elucidated. The relative proportions of different kinds of fly larvae found in Nga-ngapi and Seinsa-ngapi were studied. Four different kinds of fly larvae were found in batches of Nga-ngapi and Seinsa-ngapi tested viz. Activation analysis of arsenic in 'Khun-hnit-par-shaung' Myanmar indigenous medicine.
Sources of errors related to gamma attenuation and neutron self-shielding effects were studied. Mass-activity relation for arsenic was determined by gamma counting technique and checked against by both nuclear and chemical methods.
Activities of some medicinal plants on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with septic wound (Ana-pauk wound) attending Traditional Medicine Hospital, Yangon. Three medicinal plants: (Allium sativum-single clove garlic), leaves and seeds of Tama (Azadirachta indica) and Bizat (Eupatorium odoratum) leaves were selected to find out the antibacterial activity on 30 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Wound swabs and pus samples were collected from patients with septic wound attending Traditional Medicine Hospital, Yangon from January to August, 2005. All extracts of three medicinal plants and fresh juice of Bizat leaves showed no antibacterial activity on Stphylococcus aureus. The findings of this study may be a scientific report for further development of a useful phytomedicine from garlic with specific antibacterial activity. The ingredients (24 plants) present in it were selected singly and tested for their antibacterial activities.
A total of 35 strains of bacteria (Escherichia coli = 11; Staphylococcus aureus = 3; Salmonella species = 7; Shigella species = 4; Vibrio cholerae = 7 and one species each of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus morganii) were chosen for testing. Among the 23 plants tested, they were found to be active on one, two or more of the bacteria tested with different patterns. Mu Mu Sein Myint; May Aye Than; Yin Min Htun; Win Win Maw; Aye Myint Swe; San San Myint; Myint Myint Khine; Phyu Phyu Win. In acute toxicity test, it was found that there was no toxic symptom in albino mice at the dose of up to 4gm/kg body weight.
In subacute toxicity test, three groups of rats were tested orally once daily for 90 days. Internal organs were dissected out; weighted and histopathological examinations were done.
Sub-acute toxicity test showed that there were no changes of body weight and organ weight in all three groups. In histopathological examinations, squamous metaplasia, necrosis and polymorph infiltration were observed at mucosa of small intestine in some high dose treated rats (3gm/kg body weight). There were no significant changes of histopathological examinations in low dose and control groups. Evaluation of the acute and subacute (short-term) toxic effects of a commercially available Lingzhi capsule was carried out.
For the subacute toxicity, 18 rats were divided into three groups of 6 rats each (Lingzhi 1g/kg body weight, 0. Gross behaviors of these rats were recorded daily and body weight were recorded once weekly at 3 months, they were sacrificed by dislocation of neck and blood collected for urea, complete picture and liver function tests. Visible pathological changes of vital organs as well as histopathological studies were carried out. Khine Khine Lwin; Mu Mu Sein Myint; May Aye Than; Min Min Myint Thu; Thaung Hla; Khin Tar Yar Myint; Aung Myint; Ei Ei Soe. The present study was done to determine the phytochemical constituents, acute and subacute toxicity of Millingtonia hortensis Linn. Acute toxicity study of the dried leaves powder of this plant was carried out in albino mice by using oral route. In subacute toxicity study the dried leave powder of this plant at the doses of 3g/kg and 5g/kg was administered orally to the albino rats daily for 3 months.
Their blood samples were collected and tested for haematological and biochemical parameters. It was found that the dried leaves powder contained alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannin, steroids, phenol, saponin, resin, carbohydrate and amino acid. In the acute toxicity study, it was found that the dried leaves powder was not toxic up to the maximum feasible dose of 8g/kg. In the subacute toxicity study, the dried leaves powder showed no significant changes in body weight, hematological, and biochemical (blood urea, liver, function test) parameters when compared with those of the control group.
Histopathological studies of the internal organs of the rats showed no pathological changes. The present study was done to determine the phytochemical constituents, acute and sub-acute toxicity test of Butea superba Roxb. Their blood samples were collected and tested for haematological and biochemical parameters. It was found that the powder contained alkaloid, flavonoid, glycoside, phenolic compound, and tannin, starch, reducing sugar, steroide, α-amino acid and carbohydrate. In the sub-acute toxicity study, the dried root powder at the doses of 1g/kg and 2g/kg showed no significant changes in body weights when compared with those of the control group. The average weights of the internal organs of the animals treated with 1g/kg of the powder showed no difference except significantly increase in the average weight of the lungs (p.
Madonna University. 2018.Cross-fostering Techniques Suggestive control measures include: prevent overcrowding; the fewer birds ondansetron 4 mg sale, the better Species with long histories of domestication ondansetron 8mg on-line, such as keep stocking densities low Bengalese (Society) Finches, will usually breed freely in captivity without the use of specialized tech- clip the wings or remove particularly aggressive niques. Members of this species are sometimes used individuals as foster parents to incubate and raise other finches. Cross-fostering is escape area practiced to increase the production of a particular provide multiple perches, feeding locations and pair of birds. Many species will breed and lay but nesting sites may require certain foods to raise the young. Many maintain subdued lighting in indoor areas birds will immediately re-lay when eggs are pulled to foster, thereby increasing production.
One of the inherent problems in cross-fostering is that it does not enable selection for good parenting Parents that become aggressive toward their chicks ability in the offspring. The problems that gave rise are preparing to lay a second clutch of eggs and the to the need for fostering in the first place are often chicks should be removed. By comparison, using fos- Successfully establishing aviaries containing psittac- ter parents may prevent some infectious diseases ine, passerine and other bird species requires a work- that are transmitted from infected parent to off- ing knowledge of individual behavioral charac- spring.
Cross-fostering has also been used as a technique to Finches are an inexpensive experimental animal and enhance breeding populations of endangered species. In an effort to save this bird, eggs are collected from free-ranging Helmeted Breeding Parasitic Species of Passerines Honeyeaters and are incubated in captivity by the closely related Yellow-tufted Honeyeater. This in- Some finch enthusiasts relish the challenge of breed- duces the free-ranging Helmeted Honeyeaters to pro- ing parasitic species (birds that lay their eggs in the duce a second clutch of eggs and increase the annual nests of other species) such as Paradise Whydahs production of chicks from a single pair. Similar tech- (parasitize various species of the Pytilia family) and niques have been used to save other endangered Broad-tailed Whydahs (parasitize Aurora Finches). However, preservation and where the parasitized finch species has first been rehabilitation of suitable natural habitats must also firmly established and is breeding freely. The paral- be a priority if captive breeding and subsequent re- lels between the appearance and behavior of the lease to the wild is to be effective.
One of the major disadvantages of fostered birds is that they imprint on the foster parents and may be If male and female whydahs do not originate from the less likely to breed with their own species. Experi- same geographic area, they may not enter breeding mental work in Bengalese and Zebra Finches has condition simultaneously, preventing successful re- shown that development of sexual orientation and production. The male whydah develops a long, flow- adult song patterns occur during a defined period in ing tail during the breeding season.
Male finches reared by foster par- ents of a different species or color variety preferen- tially choose females of the foster species as they sexually mature. If only male members of the foster species were available, the cross-fostered males Special Considerations formed homosexual pairs with these birds rather than heterosexual pairs with birds of their own vari- in Managing Passerine ety. The critical sensitive period for sexual orienta- Patients tion from imprinting lasts from about the 15th to the 40th days of life. Acquisition of adult song follows a similar pattern: birds raised by foster parents learn the song of the foster parent, even if this song was Passeriformes are increasingly presented for veteri- audible only some weeks prior to the young bird’s nary evaluation as aviculturists recognize that suc- beginning to sing.
Veterinary care in these species is finches have been defined in humans and other ani- frequently directed toward appropriate preventive mal species. For example, adult humans retain ac- husbandry measures and approaching medical prob- cents acquired during childhood even when they lems from a flock perspective. By comparison, children will caught Passeriformes (eg, African finches) ceases, quickly change an original accent and acquire the the cost of acquiring pairs warrants further financial one characteristic to a new location. Birds will gener- ally not move in a dark room and can easily be removed from an enclosure with minimal stress. Once out of the enclosure, the bird can be restrained by placing the head between two fingers so that the body rests in the palm of the hand, or it can be restrained by holding the head gently between the thumb and first finger.
Blood Collection Techniques The right jugular vein is generally the best site for collecting blood or giving intravenous fluids. A nail clip, medial metatarsal vein or cutaneous ulnar vein are alternative blood collection sites but they fre- quently provide insufficient sample volumes. A skin prick technique from these sites or from the external thoracic vein (which courses on either side of the rib cage just behind the shoulder) can be used. Treatment Techniques Therapeutics Although the right jugular vein can be used for ad- ministering intravenous fluids, intraosseous catheterization using a 26 ga needle is a practical means of fluid administration in a finch. Hemorrhage may be a problem following intramus- cular injections into the pectoral muscles in small birds. To minimize risk, the injection site should be located in the caudal third of the chest muscles, and a fine gauge needle should be used (25 ga or less).
Aspiration should be performed prior to injecting any drug to ensure that a blood vessel has not been cannulated.Petroleum ether generic ondansetron 8 mg on-line, ethyl acetate generic ondansetron 8 mg otc, 95% ethanolic, 70% edthanolic and watery extracts were used to test antibacterial activity. Norfloxacin, tetracycline and gentamicin were used as control antibiotics among five types of extracts of Quisqualis indica Linn.
This flavonoid may be quercetin and it was identified by thin layer chromatography with authentic quercetin using pet ether, ethyl (1:1). The results indicated that there was no lethality up to 20g/kg body weight with watery extract and 16g/kg body weight with 95% ethanolic extract. The antimicrobial activity on the growth of different pathogenic bacteria were tested by treating with various soluble extracts. Agar disc diffusion technique with surface swab plately method was used in 18 different types of bacterial isolates.
The bacterial species included five strains of Escherichia coli, four species of Shigella, three strains of Vibrio cholerae and one strain each of Klebsiella, Plesiomonas, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Salmonella and Staphylococcus. The three tested extracts of Emblica officinalis fruits were active on four types of bacteria (28.
Similarly, the three extracts of bark revealed to be active on one strain each (6. In-vitro antioxidant activity of fresh leaves and dried leaves of Gynura procumbens (Lour. Habit, morphological and histological characters of this plant were presented in this study for the plant authenticity purpose. Phytochemical and physicochemical characters were also studied by using reference analytical methods and were documented in Myanmar Herbal Pharmacopoeia Monograph presented in this research. In recent years, the public prefers to take natural antioxidant sources from edible materials such as fruits, spices, herbs, and vegetables. Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts of fresh and dried leaves of Gynura procumbens (Lour. It was found that methanol extracts of fresh dried leaves had higher free radical scavenging activity than others.
In acute toxicity study, it was no lethal effect on Dutch Denken Yoken strain of albino mice was found up to 36ml/kg of fresh juice and 5000mg/kg of dried leaves. In-vitro antiviral effect of Kin-bon (Cephalandra indica) and propolis (bee product) on herpes simplex virus (type 1 and 2). Myo Khin; Ni Ni Than; San Yu Maw; San San Oo; Nu Nu Lwin; Win Win Mar; Khin May Oo. An in-vitro study to identify herbal products with potentials use for treatment of hepatitis B infention was undertaken. The ethanolic extracts (1mg/ml to 8mg/ml) of Eclipta alba (Kyeik-hman) leaves, Butea monosperma (Pauk-pwint) flowers, and Cassia fistula (Ngu) bark were tested for the presence of anti-hepatitis B surface antigen like activity. Thus isobutrin and catechin could be identified as active compounds with potential use in the management of hepatitis B infection. Although some clinical data exists on the use of catechin in management of hepatitis B infection, data on the use of Cassia fistula is limited and needs to be explored.
In-vitro assessment of the anti-hepatitis B viral activity of selected Myanmar medicinal plants and identification of active principle from bioassay guided fractions. Extraction, isolation, solvent partition, successive column chromato-graphic separation on silica gel and crystallization provided β-sitosterol (I) (0.
All isolated constitutents were identified by melting point determination and spectroscopic measurements. Indeed, ethanolic crude extract of “Ngu” bark may be more effective than “Pan-kha”. Emetine dihydrochloride, metronidazole and diodo- hydroxy-quinoline were used as control drugs. Berberine chloride, the crude extracts of Brucea sumatrana and Coptis teeta, and the total alkaloids of Holarrhana antidysenterica was amoebicidal at concentration of 20, 20, 125 and 250 micrograms per milliliter respectively.
In-vitro parasite clearance of herbal antimalarial traditional medicine compound for uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum worsen the global malaria situation.
One of the herbal antimalarial traditional medicine compounds which contains the extracts of Dichroa febrifuga, Coptis teeta and Qinghao leaf extract. Three hundred and fify-three clinically suspected malaria patients attending the outpatient clinics of Vector Borne Disease Control Centre, Gyogone, Insein were tested during the studied period of one year. Among those patients, 31 isolates met the selection criteria for in vitro drug sensitivity testing.
Out of 31 isolates tested, 20 isolates were successfully grown in in vitro test culture for the traditional medicine compound and 22 isolates were successfully grown for those of chloroquine and mefloquine.A brush-like feather tuft that absorbs secretions from the gland is present on the uropygial teat (see Figure 24 generic ondansetron 4 mg with amex. Junglefowl possess marked unpaired carneous combs consisting of a wide intermediate layer ondansetron 4 mg otc, which is formed of a fibrillar network filled with mucus-like substances that impact elastic stability to the comb. The paired wattles of the throat are similar In New World quail, the edge of the lower bill is in structure to the comb (Figure 45.
An osseous process, the size of the wattles is influenced by hormones, and which can be large in some species or subspecies, both are better developed in cocks than in hens. The wattles The structure of the skin appendages on the head and of the Helmeted Guineafowl are white to light-blue neck of turkeys varies from those described in jungle- and, like the helmet, are larger in cocks than in hens. These appendages have no elastic intermediate layer but do have superficial, muscular and vascular some cracids also possess ornamental appendages of layers. Turkeys have a single snood on the forehead that can Some breeds of the domestic fowl, some megapodes, increase or decrease in length. Numerous red carun- some francolins, some tragopans and some pheas- cles are located on the poorly feathered blue skin of ants have completely featherless heads and necks or the head. A beard consisting of tough dark bristles is featherless areas of the head or neck.
Turkey hens have smaller skin appendages than species have red-colored supra-ocular combs. These cocks, and a beard is found occasionally in older unfeathered regions become swollen during the mat- 34 ing season. The number of rectrices var- ies among different species: the domestic fowl has 7 Phasianidae (phasianids) 70 203 pairs; the Bulwer’s Wattled Pheasant has 12 to 16 Numidinae (guineafowl) 4 6 pairs. Ornamental feathers can originate from differ- ent portions of the plumage including tail coverts Pavoninae (peafowl) 2 3 (peafowl), rectrices (many pheasants) and chin feath- Meleagridinae (turkeys) 1 2 ers (capercaillies).
Birds that are indigenous to open Argusianinae (peacock pheasants and 3 8 terrain often have a patterned plumage that serves argus pheasants) as camouflage. Attempting to escape from predators by running or flying in open terrain is poor Ithagininae (Blood Pheasant) 1 1 defense; thus, most ground-dwelling gallinaceous Gallinae (junglefowl) 1 4 birds remain immobile when predators approach and Tragopaninae (tragopans) 1 5 flee only as a last ditch effort to escape. Galloperdicinae (spurfowl) 1 3 Gallinaceous birds generally have well developed af- Ptilopachinae (Stone Partridge) 1 1 terfeathers (hypopennae). In some cracids, the vanes of the first pri- Perdicinae (partridges, snowcocks, 27 98 francolins, Old World quail) maries are curved and narrow, which, when a bird flies, produce a unique sound that is used to mark its Odontophorinae (New World quail) 9 31 28 territory. Tetraoninae (grouse) 9 16 Most gallinaceous birds molt once a year, generally after the breeding season. Gallinaceous birds retain The cocks of many gallinaceous birds have spurs, their ability to fly during a molt. The secondaries are which are osseous eminences originating from the molted in a divergent pattern from an inner starting tarsometatarsus and are covered by keratinized epi- point.
If spurs occur in hens, they low Ptarmigan lives in a subarctic-type habitat and are generally smaller than in cocks and often have no 34 molts three times a year in order to adapt to color osseous component. The cocks’ spurs are frequently changes in the environment, with the winter plum- sharp and can easily injure rivals, females, clients or 5 age being mainly white. In ptarmi- predators that results in release of the feathers (the gans, even the plantar surface of the foot is covered shock or fright molt). Dense plumage and a thick layer of subcu- Gallinaceous birds normally fly at a low level, have a taneous fatty tissue help protect against the cold. Some gallinaceous birds of Selected Gallinaceous Birds37,36 move by running, which is assisted by quick flapping of the wings.
A normal cruising speed for the Com- Respiratory Heart Rate Temperature Species Rate (per min) (per min) (°C) mon Pheasant would be 20. Pheasant 12-37 – – The chicks of the phasianids first attempt to fly at the Bobwhite Quail – – 44. Megapode chicks, which are not tended by their parents, are The cocks or both genders of some gallinaceous birds able to fly short distances just after hatching. The additional length pro- duces a U-shaped or circular loop in the trachea that lies between the skin and the muscle layer in the Locomotor System ventral thoracic or cranial abdominal region. In Hel- The furcula (wishbone) of the domestic fowl is V- meted Curassows, the loop extends to the cloaca, and shaped and has a ventral process (see Figure 12. Crested and Plumed Guineafowl and tion exists at the junction of the two clavicles.
This the Common Capercaillie also have an elongated indentation holds the U-shaped loop of the elongated trachea. The medial notch of the sternum extends far understood, it may be involved in generating deep sounds.Tylophora indica in bronchial asthma (a controlled comparison with a standard anti-asthmatic drug) order ondansetron 8 mg mastercard. Treatment of asthma with an alcoholic extract of Tylophora indica: a cross-over purchase 4mg ondansetron with mastercard, double- blind study. A crossover double-blind study on Tylophora indica in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis.
Effect of forskolin on methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in extrinsic asthmatics. Pharmacodynamic effects of inhaled dry powder formulations of fenoterol and colforsin in asthma. Effects of boswellic acids extracted from a herbal medicine on the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Effect of acupuncture or acupressure on quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive asthma: a pilot study. Effectiveness of acupressure in improving dyspnoea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Increasing prevalence of parent-reported attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among children—United States, 2003 and 2007. The genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a literature review of 2005. Efficacy and safety limitations of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder pharmacotherapy in children and adults. Potential adverse effects of amphetamine treatment on brain and behavior: a review. Meta-analysis of suicide-related behavior events in patients treated with atomoxetine.
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2008 Feb; 47(2): 209–218. Further evidence of an association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and cigarette smoking: findings from a high-risk sample of siblings. Association of tobacco and lead exposures with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Lead, attention, and impulsive behavior: changes in a fixed-ratio waiting-for-reward paradigm. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and urinary metabolites of organophosphate pesticides.
Organophosphorus pesticide exposure of urban and suburban preschool children with organic and conventional diets. The Feingold diet: an assessment of the reviews by Mattes, by Kavale and Forness and others. Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.
Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomatology: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2011 Oct; 50(10): 991–1000. The impact of polyunsaturated fatty acids in reducing child attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders.
Nutrition in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a neglected but important aspect. Relationships between serum free fatty acids and zinc, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a research note. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of zinc sulfate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Effects of iron supplementation on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. Food allergy in children with hyperactivity, learning disabilities and/or minimal brain dysfunction. Foods and food additives are common causes of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. Topographic mapping of brain electrical activity in children with food- induced attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder.
Cross Fostering Of Yellow Tufted Honeyeaters Living Room
Parental report of sleep problems in children with attentional and learning disorders. High prevalence of allergic sensitization in children with habitual snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. Controlled trial of hyposensitisation in children with food-induced hyperkinetic syndrome. Clinical uses of probiotics for stabilizing the gut mucosal barrier: successful strains and future challenges. Effect of polyphenolic extract, pycnogenol, on the level of 8-oxoguanine in children suffering from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.